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Résumé
Après la révolution orange, l’Ukraine semble s’être définitivement ancrée dans un destin européen. Ce serait compter sans la Russie, qui, depuis son passé impérial, a assimilé le peuple ukrainien dans la construction de son Etat-nation. S’il est difficilement contestable que l’Ukraine possède une identité européenne et que sa vocation est d’entrer dans l’Union, le chemin sera long et semé d’embuches : la Russie ne compte pas abandonner ce qu’elle estime être une partie de son identité, et l’Union Européenne ne parvient pas à donner aux Ukrainiens une perspective à la hauteur de leurs espoirs européens.
SOMMAIRE
INTRODUCTION
1. THE UKRAINIAN IDENTITY : A PART OF EUROPE APART OF EUROPE, A PART OF RUSSIA APART OF RUSSIA
LITTLE RUSSIA AND GREAT RUSSIA : THE PATH DEPENDENCE OF INTERMINGLED NATION-STATES BUILDING
A NATION OF EUROPE
2. FROM INDEPENDENCE TO INDEPENDENCE : THE EUROPEAN CHOICE
KEY ELEMENTS OF A STRATEGIC POSITION
EAST-WEST BALANCES
NATO AND THE USA
THE SINUOUS WAY TOWARDS EUROPEAN UNION
CONCLUSION : ONE DAY, MAYBE
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
“Orange Revolution”. In December 2004, almost all the Medias and the world political leaders didn’t hesitate to call “revolution” the political troubles and the victory of Yushenko’s partisans in Ukraine. After Georgia, and on a - alleged - comparable stream as Moldova and Kirghizstan, Ukraine seemed to turn the back to Russian hold and to look to the west, especially towards Europe.
From the recent events and the new political context of Ukraine, which had, as a quasi instantaneous effect, substituted a former representation – an austere country under Russian domination still marked by communism, land of Chernobyl catastrophe - to an other one in common minds – marked by the image of modern and democratic new “orange” leaders turned to western values, active civil society -, we will try to ask the recent past and the fundaments of this undefined or at least multifarious nation. Tensed between Russia and now a 25 members European Union, to whom belongs Ukraine ? Could the orange revolution give expectations on the launch of a new destiny where Russia’s domination is the past of Ukraine and European Union circle its future ?
We will try to present briefly in the following statements the meaning of the political will of the Ukrainian leaders after Orange revolution to be part of the European union, in regard with Russia’s secular relations. We will especially maintain, from a personal analysis, that if the Ukrainian nation is essentially European, its nation-state building process is strongly linked to the Russian one, and thus apart of Europe.
The aim of this article is nor to pretend to an exhaustive historical perspective neither to produce a precise political analysis. More simply, our purpose is to illustrate how the political achievement of the European integration process needs now to deal with the complexity of the contemporary Russian and Ukrainian nations building inheritances, especially after the later enlargement to central and eastern European countries in 2004. And finally if Ukraine made the European Union choice, what is the choice of European Union ?
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UKRAINE : From past to future, the Choice of Europe ?
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